Symptoms that may need assessment
- Leaking on coughing, sneezing, laughing or lifting — stress incontinence
- A sudden urge to pass urine, with leakage before reaching the toilet — urge incontinence
- Continuous dribbling of urine
- Leaking at night or in bed
- Needing pads, or planning outings around toilet access
How it is assessed
Assessment involves a careful history and a bladder diary, examination, urine tests to exclude infection, an ultrasound with post-void residual measurement, and urodynamic testing in selected cases to establish exactly how the bladder and its outlet are behaving.
How it is treated
Treatment depends on the type and cause of leakage. Pelvic floor training, bladder training and suitable changes to fluid habits often help. Medicines or procedures may be considered for some patients. If leakage is related to urinary retention, obstruction, infection or a neurological problem, that cause needs specific treatment. Surgery may be discussed when it is appropriate for the diagnosis and your preferences.
